Quantum and Quantum-Inspired Computing in Civil Engineering: Foundations, Opportunities, and Future Directions
Quantum computing is anticipated to revolutionize problem-solving by addressing computational challenges that are currently intractable for classical computers. While large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers are still under development, quantum-inspired computing techniques have already demonstrated practical advantages using classical hardware. Despite this potential, applications of both quantum and quantum-inspired computing within civil engineering remain limited. This study aims to establish a foundational understanding and encourage future exploration in this emerging research domain. Fundamental Principles of Quantum Computing Quantum computing operates on principles such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, enabling parallel exploration of vast solution spaces. These properties make quantum algorithms particularly suited for optimization, simulation, and combinatorial problems that frequently arise in civil engineering, including structural optimiza...