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Steel Slag in Rubber Asphalt Mix #RoadPerformance

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Introduction The incorporation of steel slag in asphalt mixtures has gained significant attention due to its potential to improve road performance and promote sustainable pavement solutions. This research focuses on evaluating the effect of steel slag coarse aggregate (SSCA) as a partial or complete replacement for natural aggregates, investigating its influence on road performance and determining optimal blending ratios for improved durability and cost-effectiveness. Influence of Steel Slag Content and Gradation The content and gradation of steel slag play a crucial role in determining the mechanical and structural performance of asphalt mixtures. The study analyzed the substitution of natural aggregates with SSCA in varying proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), aiming to understand its impact on mixture stability, strength, and durability. Proper gradation ensures better aggregate interlocking, leading to improved load-bearing capacity and long-term road performance. Experim...
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Steel Pipeline Failure Prevention

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  Introduction The reliability and durability of steel pipeline infrastructure are increasingly threatened by complex degradation mechanisms. As these systems operate under demanding conditions, understanding the root causes of material deterioration becomes crucial for safety and performance. This study investigates the primary factors leading to pipeline failures, focusing on selective corrosion and erosion. By integrating macroscopic analysis, corrosion testing, microscopic examination, tensile strength testing, and finite element method (FEM) modeling, the research aims to uncover the mechanisms behind structural weaknesses. The findings provide insights into both localized and system-wide damage, offering a foundation for developing preventive maintenance and design strategies. Selective Corrosion in Heat-Affected Zones Selective corrosion, particularly in the heat-affected zones (HAZs) of longitudinal welds, emerged as the primary degradation mechanism affecting steel pipe...
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Geopolymer Concrete & Carbon Footprint: What LCA Reveals

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  1. Introduction 🌍 Concrete production significantly contributes to global carbon emissions, primarily due to the use of cement. This study explores a sustainable alternative by estimating the carbon footprint of conventional and geopolymer concrete materials. By analyzing the environmental impact of various design components, it seeks to identify effective low-carbon alternatives. The focus lies on evaluating alkali-activated materials as replacements for cement. A comprehensive methodology is employed to assess emissions and associated uncertainties. 2. Geopolymer Concrete Components and Emission Factors 🧱 The study examines major constituents of geopolymer concrete—fly ash, GGBS, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, and superplasticizers. Each component's carbon footprint is assessed to mirror actual production and application conditions. This detailed evaluation helps determine where emissions are most concentrated. The analysis acknowledges the complex interaction between t...
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Risk Management for Bridge Networks: Sustainability & Connectivity

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  Introduction  Bridges are critical infrastructures that often face damage from natural aging and extreme events like earthquakes. Over time, their structural integrity can degrade, increasing vulnerability and operational risks. The combined effects of seismic activity and material deterioration pose significant threats to network safety. A proactive risk management approach is essential for ensuring long-term serviceability. This study introduces a comprehensive framework to evaluate and prioritize bridge interventions. Seismic Fragility Analysis of Bridges  Seismic fragility analysis assesses the vulnerability of bridges under different earthquake intensities. It quantifies the probability of failure or damage based on structural parameters and seismic load scenarios. This analysis provides critical insight into which bridges are most likely to fail during seismic events. It forms the foundation of the broader risk management strategy. Accurate fragility assessment...
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Failure mode dependent shear strength of unreinforced concrete brick masonry wall panels

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  INTRODUCTION This section introduces the purpose and significance of the study, emphasizing the need to evaluate shear strength in unreinforced concrete brick masonry wall panels under diagonal compression. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Details the methodology, including the variables tested—specifically, the bed-joint mortar mixing ratio—and outlines the process of fabricating and testing thirty masonry wall panel specimens. FAILURE MODES IDENTIFICATION Describes the five observed failure modes in the tested panels: diagonal tension, combined failure, bed-joint sliding, toe crushing, and non-diagonal failure, explaining the characteristics of each. SHEAR STRENGTH ANALYSI Presents a detailed discussion on how shear strength varied with each identified failure mode and highlights the dependency of shear performance on the mode of failure. COMPARATIVE EVALUATION WITH EXISTING CODES Compares the experimental results with existing masonry design code provisions, particularly focusing on shear...
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Changes in selenium bioavailability in selenium

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INTRODUCTION This study explores how differing irrigation regimes and organic amendments shape selenium (Se) behaviour in naturally Se‑rich paddy soils. By comparing continuous flooding (CF) with alternating wet‑dry (AWD) cycles and evaluating cotton‑straw biochar (BC) versus sheep manure (SM) at two dosage levels, the work seeks to clarify why Se sometimes remains locked in soil and how it can be mobilised for healthier rice production. WATER‑MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Switching from CF to AWD proved pivotal: periodic drainage not only elevated root‑surface iron‑plaque formation but also boosted rhizospheric affinity for Se. AWD further hastened the shift from weakly organic‑bound forms toward soluble and exchangeable fractions, creating a more plant‑available Se pool without relying solely on chemical inputs. ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND RATES Amendment chemistry mattered. A modest 10 g kg⁻¹ SM dose maximised Se bioavailability—especially under AWD—while BC repeatedly suppressed it. Manure’s...
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Sustainable AAC Innovation: Hydration Mechanism Using Solid Wastes:

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  INTRODUCTION The development of sustainable construction materials has led to growing interest in the use of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) incorporating industrial by-products. This research investigates the effects of autoclaving parameters on AAC made from recycled concrete powder (RCP), calcium carbide slag (CCS), fly ash (FA), and phosphogypsum (PG). These materials offer environmental and economic advantages, aligning with the goals of green construction. Understanding how curing time impacts AAC’s properties is crucial to optimize its performance and durability in structural applications. HYDRATION PRODUCT TRANSFORMATIONS The hydration process during autoclaving plays a critical role in determining the mechanical strength of AAC. The study reveals that C-(A)-S-H phases gradually transform into tobermorite as the curing time increases. Tobermorite, especially in its fibrous form, enhances structural integrity. However, prolonged curing beyond 9 hours promotes the conv...
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