Sustainable Civil Engineering Applications of Non-Metallic Fractions of Waste Printed Circuit Boards (NMF-WPCBs)

-

The rapid growth of electronic waste has made the recycling of non-metallic fractions of waste printed circuit boards (NMF-WPCBs) a pressing environmental challenge. Due to their complex composition, NMF-WPCBs are often landfilled or incinerated, leading to secondary pollution and loss of valuable resources. This review addresses the urgent need for sustainable reuse pathways by examining the potential of NMF-WPCBs as functional materials in civil engineering applications.

Multiscale Composition and Material Characteristics

NMF-WPCBs are composed of polymers, glass fibers, and residual fillers arranged in a multiscale structure that governs their mechanical and chemical behavior. Understanding these characteristics is essential for their effective integration into construction materials. The review analyzes their physical, thermal, and microstructural properties, which influence bonding, durability, and overall performance in civil engineering systems.

Enhancement Methods and Theoretical Frameworks

To improve compatibility with construction matrices, various enhancement and modification strategies for NMF-WPCBs are reviewed. Theoretical analyses indicate that NMF-WPCBs can accelerate pozzolanic reactions, inhibit alkali–silica reactions, enhance microstructural densification, and restrict crack initiation and propagation. These mechanisms provide a scientific foundation for their performance-enhancing role in construction materials.

Feasibility, Processability, and Safety Assessment

The feasibility of applying NMF-WPCBs in civil engineering materials is evaluated in terms of processability, economic viability, durability, and toxicity. Studies suggest that with appropriate processing and treatment, NMF-WPCBs can be safely incorporated without compromising material integrity or environmental safety. These assessments are crucial for large-scale implementation and industrial acceptance.

Performance in Cementitious and Road Materials

Experimental evidence demonstrates that NMF-WPCBs can significantly improve strength, toughness, and durability in organic cementitious materials. In inorganic materials such as asphalt and road construction composites, they contribute to enhanced pavement performance, aging resistance, and crack resistance. These findings highlight the versatility of NMF-WPCBs across diverse civil engineering applications.

Sustainability Benefits and Future Outlook

In the context of global carbon reduction and circular economy goals, NMF-WPCB-based construction materials offer substantial environmental, economic, and industrial benefits. By transforming electronic waste into value-added construction resources, these materials support sustainable development and resource efficiency. NMF-WPCBs are poised for widespread adoption, positioning themselves as a key component in advancing future sustainable civil engineering practices.

🏗️ Civil Engineering Awards  

👉 Visit our Website: civilengineeringawards.com

#EnvironmentalEngineering
#SustainableMaterials
#CarbonReduction
#EcoFriendlyConstruction
#ConstructionInnovation
#MaterialRecycling
#FutureInfrastructure
#IndustrialSustainability
#CivilEngineeringResearch
#EnvironmentalSustainability


 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Changes in selenium bioavailability in selenium

-
Image
INTRODUCTION This study explores how differing irrigation regimes and organic amendments shape selenium (Se) behaviour in naturally Se‑rich paddy soils. By comparing continuous flooding (CF) with alternating wet‑dry (AWD) cycles and evaluating cotton‑straw biochar (BC) versus sheep manure (SM) at two dosage levels, the work seeks to clarify why Se sometimes remains locked in soil and how it can be mobilised for healthier rice production. WATER‑MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Switching from CF to AWD proved pivotal: periodic drainage not only elevated root‑surface iron‑plaque formation but also boosted rhizospheric affinity for Se. AWD further hastened the shift from weakly organic‑bound forms toward soluble and exchangeable fractions, creating a more plant‑available Se pool without relying solely on chemical inputs. ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND RATES Amendment chemistry mattered. A modest 10 g kg⁻¹ SM dose maximised Se bioavailability—especially under AWD—while BC repeatedly suppressed it. Manure’s...
Read more

Extremely Large Telescope Threatened by Energy Project in Chile

-
Image
  The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is renowned for its exceptional conditions for astronomical observation. Its clear, dark skies have attracted multiple world-class observatories. However, a proposed green energy megaproject threatens to disrupt these conditions. This project, backed by AES Andes, aims to construct an extensive energy infrastructure for hydrogen and green ammonia production. Its proximity to the Paranal Observatory, home to the European Southern Observatory’s Extremely Large Telescope, poses risks to astronomical research. Importance of the Atacama Desert for Astronomy The Atacama Desert is considered one of the best locations on Earth for astronomical studies. Its high altitude and minimal light pollution provide ideal conditions. The Paranal Observatory is a key facility in this region, which has become a hub for nearly 40% of the world’s ground-based astronomy. The area is expected to increase this capacity to 60% within the next decade. The Extremely Large...
Read more

Increasing Frequency of Multi-Year Droughts Worldwide

-
Image
  Multi-year droughts (MYDs) are increasingly common and severe, as brought into light by a recent 40-year study. The research indicates that these droughts have expanded globally, impacting ecosystems and water supplies. This trend is linked to climate change, which exacerbates drought conditions. The study, conducted by a consortium of researchers from various institutions, analysed data from 1980 to 2018. About Multi-Year DroughtsMulti-year droughts are prolonged dry periods lasting two years or more. These events lead to soil moisture depletion. They also result in reduced streamflow, which can have severe consequences for agriculture and ecosystems. MYDs can cause massive crop failures and increased tree mortality. The study identified 13,176 MYDs from 1980 to 2018, each representing an event of duration. Global Impact of Droughts The research showed that the global land area affected by MYDs has increased by approximately 50,000 square kilometres annually. The most affected r...
Read more