Quantum and Quantum-Inspired Computing in Civil Engineering: Foundations, Opportunities, and Future Directions

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Quantum computing is anticipated to revolutionize problem-solving by addressing computational challenges that are currently intractable for classical computers. While large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers are still under development, quantum-inspired computing techniques have already demonstrated practical advantages using classical hardware. Despite this potential, applications of both quantum and quantum-inspired computing within civil engineering remain limited. This study aims to establish a foundational understanding and encourage future exploration in this emerging research domain.

Fundamental Principles of Quantum Computing

Quantum computing operates on principles such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, enabling parallel exploration of vast solution spaces. These properties make quantum algorithms particularly suited for optimization, simulation, and combinatorial problems that frequently arise in civil engineering, including structural optimization, traffic flow analysis, and resource allocation. Introducing these fundamentals is essential for civil engineers to assess the feasibility of future quantum-based solutions.

Quantum-Inspired Computing and Near-Term Advantages

Quantum-inspired computing leverages mathematical concepts and algorithmic structures derived from quantum mechanics while running on classical computers. These approaches offer near-term benefits by enhancing performance for complex optimization and decision-making problems without requiring quantum hardware. For civil engineering, this presents an accessible pathway to experiment with advanced computational paradigms in areas such as scheduling, network optimization, and multi-objective design.

Current Research Landscape in Civil Engineering

A multivocal literature review reveals that research on quantum and quantum-inspired computing in civil engineering is still at an early stage. Existing studies are primarily conceptual or exploratory, focusing on optimization, structural analysis, and infrastructure management. This limited but growing body of work highlights both the novelty of the field and the significant opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration.

Potential Use Cases and Application Areas

Potential application areas include structural optimization, construction planning, transportation systems, risk analysis, and smart infrastructure management. Quantum and quantum-inspired methods could enable faster solution convergence, improved handling of uncertainty, and more efficient exploration of large design spaces. These capabilities align well with the increasing complexity of modern civil engineering systems.

Future Research Directions and Adoption Pathways

Future research should focus on developing civil engineering–specific quantum algorithms, benchmarking quantum-inspired approaches against classical methods, and building interdisciplinary expertise. As quantum technologies mature, early engagement will position the civil engineering community to adopt these tools effectively. This study provides a reference framework to guide both academic research and future practical deployment of quantum and quantum-inspired computing in civil engineering.

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